During the colonization period, the imposition of patriarchal rule by British colonizers and Christian missionaries significantly transformed the social and political landscape of Zambia, altering the matrilineal structure that once prevailed in pre-colonial times. Zambia, initially inhabited by diverse indigenous tribes like the Tonga, Lozi, and various Bantu groups, experienced significant changes with the arrival of European explorers and traders in the late 1800s. The Lozi king granted mineral rights to the British South Africa Company in 1888, leading to the establishment of North-Western Rhodesia, later known as Northern Rhodesia, where copper and other minerals were exploited for European markets. Following World War II, the demand for independence grew, resulting in the formation of the Northern Rhodesia African National Congress. In 1964, Northern Rhodesia gained independence, becoming Zambia with Kenneth Kaunda as its first president. However, despite its abundant mineral wealth, Zambia faced substantial challenges. The lack of locally trained and educated individuals capable of governance, coupled with a heavy reliance on foreign expertise, posed domestic obstacles. Economic difficulties, including fluctuating copper prices, poor policies, and corruption, as well as political instability marked by coups, civil unrest, and violence, further compounded the situation. Nevertheless, Zambia has made progress in improving infrastructure and the business environment, attracting foreign investment and demonstrating potential for further development. It is important to note that while the colonial period marginalized women chiefs and established a male perspective in recorded history, aspects of female history have been preserved through oral tradition.